Game Mechanic: The Trump Card

No, not that Trump!

In bridge and similar card games the “trump card” means a playing card or suit chosen to rank above others, which can win a trick where a card of a different suit has been played. In general usage the term means “a valuable resource that may be used, especially as a surprise, in order to gain an advantage.”

Interestingly the origin of the term comes from the 15th century game ‘Trionfi’ in which the 5th suit from the tarot deck acts as a permanent trump. During the same time there was a French game called ‘triomphe’ using a 4 suit deck in which one of the suits was randomly selected to be the trump suit. In 16th century England the word ‘triumph’ was altered into “trump” to describe its use in similar card games of the day.

The ‘trump card’ can be used in many ways in gaming. In some games, specific cards, like the ace, can be used in this same way. In other games the trump card can change depending upon the position of the card on the table or other circumstances.

In most games, the relative rank of cards within a suit is the same in trump and plain suits, but they may sometimes differ, for example in Klabberjass, Euchre, or Eighty Points.

The trump suit may be fixed as in Spades, rotate on a fixed schedule or depend on the outcome of the previous hand as in Ninety-nine, be determined by drawing a card at random as in Bezique, by the last card dealt to a designated player as in Whist, by the first card played as in Nine Card Don, be chosen by a designated player as in Barbu, or players may bid for the right to select the trump suit as in Contract Bridge or Skat.

In most games, trump cards cannot be played if the player has any cards of the suit led to the trick; the requirement to “follow suit” is of higher priority. In a few games, trumps can be played at any time. Playing the first trump to an already-started trick is known as trumping or ruffing; if another player were to play a higher trump, that would be an overruff or overtrump.

The tarot deck contains a fifth suit, known in gaming as the atouts or honours and in occult circles as the Major Arcana, which serves as a permanent trump suit in games played with the tarot deck. The suit consists of twenty-two cards, including a Fool which serves as a highest trump (in Central Europe) or excuses the players from following suit elsewhere.

Due primarily to the prevalence of the trump in card games, the term used in Japan for the standard 52-card deck of playing cards is toranpu (トランプ), derived from the English word “trump”.

Wikipedia